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Road Infrastructure
Practical Guide for Road Safety Auditors and Inspectors in Ukraine (Ukrainian)
July 2022
Road traffic injuries (RTIs) are a critical public health issue in Jordan, as highlighted in the 2022 Annual Report of Traffic Accidents from the Jordan Public Security Directorate. With 169,409 crashes recorded in 2022, resulting in 562 deaths and 11,510 injuries, RTIs have emerged as the leading cause of death for children and young people, and the second-leading cause for adults aged 20–64.
This analytical research study aims to understand RTI-induced disabilities in Jordan, identify contributing factors, and assess the associated costs for road traffic crash victims. Using a mixed-methods approach, the research included quantitative and qualitative data collection through hospital-based surveillance and follow-up surveys at one- and three months post-injury. The study involved six public and private hospitals across Jordan. Key informant interviews with stakeholders from various sectors were conducted to gain comprehensive insights.
The study's findings reveal that most RTI patients were male (79%) with an average age of 34 years. Crashes predominantly occurred during early mornings and night hours, involving mainly cars (72%) and motorcycles/bicycles (40%). A significant number of patients (74%) received prehospital care, primarily from ambulance staff. Most patients (66%) were fully conscious upon arrival at the emergency room.
Injury analysis showed that 58% of patients had a single injury, with extremities being the most affected area. Financially, 49% of patients incurred immediate costs upon hospital admission, and follow-up care also resulted in out-of-pocket expenses, particularly for physiotherapy and medications.
The study indicated that 79% of patients experienced some disability at the one-month follow-up, with varying degrees from mild to extreme. By the third month, 73% reported no disability, though 26% continued to experience mild impairments.
This study underscores the significant burden of RTIs and associated disabilities in Jordan, highlighting the need for targeted interventions to reduce injuries and robust long-term care to support affected individuals.
Road traffic injuries (RTIs) are well known to cause enormous human suffering in terms of both morbidity and mortality, and on a global scale. The economic dimension of the disease burden is far less well understood; but it is important to assess the size of the economic burden so that it can be considered when calculating the cost-benefit ratio of policies to tackle this problem. Because it is, in principle, and to some degree, an avoidable one.
This report focuses primarily on assessing various dimensions of the economic consequences of RTIs, as applied specifically to four Central Asian countries (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan) – a part of the world in which there is still a major need to reduce RTIs.
This study shows that on top of the harm RTIs inflict upon human health, they also impose a considerable financial burden on health care systems. In 2016, the total estimated health costs of RTIs in these four countries was approximately Int$95 million, ranging from Int$2.8million in Tajikistan to Int$49.3 million in Kazakhstan. In Kazakhstan, the overall health costs resulting from RTIs were similar to the cumulative expenditure for rehabilitative and palliative care within the state-guaranteed basic package. The heavy financial burden on health care systems to manage RTIs in these countries adds weight to the urgency to increase preventive efforts by road safety policymakers, and should motivate appropriate organization of the post-crash response by health care system decision makers. The cost estimates discussed in this report indicate the potential for significant economic cost savings if both deaths and injuries from road crashes could be substantially reduced in these countries.
After almost two decades of experience with Road Safety Audit (RSA) Worldwide, this procedure is now recognized as one of the most efficient engineering tools. RSA is a highly efficient and cost-effective engineering tool for improvement of safety on roads. It is much cheaper to identify road safety deficiencies in the process of design than later after construction is completed. RSAs are among the most cost-effective investments a Road Authority can undertake.
With its EU Directive No. 2008/96 and amendment 2019/1936 on road infrastructure safety management, the European Union (EU) made a clear decision that RSA will be mandatory for the Trans-European Road Network (TERN) and main roads. This Directive contains another tool called Road Safety Inspection (RSI) on safety deficiencies of existing roads. The RSI is very similar to the process of Road Safety Audit in the pre-opening phase of newly constructed roads. RSIs are essential for the redesign and upgrading of existing roads, and these are done in many countries to give the designers insights and direction for safety improvements. Given that, the purpose of this practical guide is to provide practical guidance to those doing RSAs and RSIs, the examples of typical design deficiencies shown should be useful to both road safety inspectors and road safety auditors.
This document draws on the more comprehensive guidelines and manuals on Safety engineering mentioned in the acknowledgements but deliberately focuses only on these issues of direct relevance to road safety auditors/inspectors and to the road safety reports that they must prepare, including of recommendations for improvements.
This is a special edition of the guide, adapted for Ukraine road safety conditions and legislation, funded by the World Bank‘s Global Road Safety Facility (GRSF) under the Bloomberg Philanthropies Initiative for Global Road Safety (BIGRS).
Після майже двох десятиліть досвіду проведення аудиту безпеки дорожнього руху (RSA) у всьому світі ця процедура визнана одним із найефективніших інженерних інструментів. RSA є високоефективним і економічно вигідним інженерним інструментом для підвищення безпеки на дорогах. Набагато дешевше виявити недоліки безпеки дорожнього руху в процесі проектування, ніж пізніше після завершення будівництва. RSA є одними з найбільш рентабельних інвестицій, які може здійснити дорожнє управління.
У своїй Директиві ЄС № 2008/96 і поправці 2019/1936 щодо управління безпекою дорожньої інфраструктури Європейський Союз (ЄС) прийняв чітке рішення про те, що RSA буде обов’язковим для Транс’європейської мережі доріг (TERN) і магістральних доріг. Ця Директива містить інший інструмент під назвою «Інспекція безпеки дорожнього руху» (RSI) щодо недоліків безпеки існуючих доріг. RSI дуже схожий на процес аудиту безпеки дорожнього руху на етапі перед відкриттям новозбудованих доріг. RSI мають важливе значення для редизайну та модернізації існуючих доріг, і вони проводяться в багатьох країнах, щоб дати проектувальникам зрозуміти та вказати напрямки для покращення безпеки. Враховуючи те, що метою цього практичного посібника є надання практичних вказівок тим, хто проводить RSA та RSI, наведені приклади типових недоліків конструкції мають бути корисними як інспекторам безпеки дорожнього руху, так і аудиторам безпеки дорожнього руху.
Цей документ спирається на більш вичерпні рекомендації та посібники з техніки безпеки, згадані у подяках, але навмисно зосереджується лише на тих питаннях, які мають безпосереднє відношення до аудиторів/інспекторів з безпеки дорожнього руху та до звітів з безпеки дорожнього руху, які вони повинні підготувати, включаючи рекомендації щодо покращення.
Це спеціальне видання посібника, адаптованого до умов безпеки дорожнього руху та законодавства в Україні, фінансованого Глобальним фондом безпеки дорожнього руху (GRSF) Світового банку в рамках Ініціативи Bloomberg Philanthropies for Global Road Safety (BIGRS).