Publications
1-8 of 8
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Post-Crash Health Care
Beyond the Numbers: Estimating the Disability Burden of Road Traffic Injuries
November 2023
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Road Safety Data
Improving Road Traffic Injury Statistics in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
November 2023
- National decision-makers recognize the issue of underreporting but tend to dismiss higher estimates by global statistical models.
- Most countries use WHO GSRRS estimates.
- National health surveys and censuses in LMICs often contain relevant information, and minor modifications can greatly improve their usage for such measurements.
- Incorporating national health survey data into global statistical models can help resolve discrepancies and increase confidence in estimates.
- Integrating epidemiological data sources into global statistical models (GBD, GHE, GSRRS) to reduce discrepancies and increase confidence in their estimates.
- Including relevant questions in upcoming national data collections to facilitate epidemiological measurements of road traffic injuries.
- Encouraging local involvement in data production for better estimates.
- Enhancing coordination between the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation and the World Health Organization to improve estimates and reduce inconsistencies.
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Road Safety Management
Tinjauan Singkat Pendekatan Keselamatan Jalan di Singapura (Indonesian)
October 2019
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Road Safety Management
Tóm tắt tổng quan về phương pháp an toàn đường bộ ở Singapore (Vietnamese)
October 2019
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This GRSF-funded study explores the medical, economic, and social costs of road traffic accidents (RTAs), particularly focusing on individuals with permanent disabilities. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), RTAs are a global public health crisis, ranked as the 12th leading cause of death and the primary cause of mortality among children and young adults. While the UN's Decade of Action for Road Safety (2021–2030) aims to reduce RTA deaths, the study argues that more focus is needed on injuries and the long-term impact on those left disabled by RTAs.
Building on GRSF’s report Beyond The Numbers: Estimating the Disability Burden of Road Traffic Injuries (Mitra et al., 2023), this project examines data from Namibia and South Africa and interviews with experts to highlight the often-overlooked challenges faced by RTA-related disability survivors. These individuals encounter unique issues—such as brain injuries, psychological trauma, and sudden financial burdens—that require specific support mechanisms beyond general disability frameworks.
Economic losses from RTAs are substantial, with WHO estimating global costs up to $1.8 trillion annually. However, existing research focuses mainly on medical costs and productivity losses, neglecting broader social impacts. Data on the prevalence of permanent disabilities varies, underscoring the need for standardized research.
The study calls for integrating disability concerns into road safety policies, emphasizing that improved enforcement in low- and middle-income countries could prevent disabilities and reduce societal costs. Ultimately, it advocates for recognizing RTA-related disabilities as a critical issue within global health, disability policy, and development agendas.
It is well-documented that road crashes claim around 1.35 million lives each year and rank as the eighth leading cause of death globally, causing huge burdens for economies, health systems, and transport networks. However, beneath the sobering fatality statistics lies a largely unexplored landscape: the staggering toll of disabilities induced by road crashes. Until now, the focus of road safety research and policy discourse has predominantly revolved around fatalities, which has limited our understanding of traffic-related injuries and disability burdens at the individual, community, and national level.
To address this critical knowledge gap, this pioneering study—involving over 2,300 patients hospitalized for road crash injuries—provides valuable insights into the prevalence, causes, and long-term impacts of crash-related disabilities. By broadening the discussion beyond fatalities to the often-overlooked issue of disability, the report paves the way for a more holistic perspective on road safety impacts, which can inform more effective road safety policies.
This report is a call to action for comprehensive and context-specific interventions that encompass both the transport and health sectors. Effective measures may include implementing safety regulations, enhancing emergency services, strengthening rehabilitative care, and expanding social safety nets to ease the financial burden on crash survivors. Collaborative efforts between governments, global and regional organizations, civil society, and other stakeholders will be indispensable.
Road safety is a global health and economic issue that disproportionately affects low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Precise data is crucial for understanding the full scope of the problem and developing effective interventions, but LMICs struggle to collect comprehensive data due to limited resources, underdeveloped health systems, and inconsistent data collection processes.
To overcome reporting gaps, three major global statistical models are utilized: The Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study, the World Health Organization (WHO) Global Status Reports on Road Safety (GSRRS), and WHO Global Health Estimates (GHE). However, discrepancies exist among these models and between them and official country statistics. They often estimate significantly higher road traffic fatalities and injuries than official LMIC statistics.
This GRSF study identifies the reasons behind statistical discrepancies and outlines strategies to strengthen modeling efforts. This involved qualitative research, a systematic review of national data availability, and four case studies in Brazil, Cambodia, Ethiopia, and Tanzania.
Key findings include:
Recommendations include:
To achieve the goal of the Second United Nations Decade of Action for Road Safety (reducing road traffic fatalities and injuries by 50% by 2030), substantial resources need to be allocated to road safety and accurate reporting and statistical estimates are required.
Road safety is a major public health issue in Cambodia. Reducing the number of road crashes is a priority for the government. Accurate data are needed to design the most effective interventions. Improving the current crash data system will furnish a more comprehensive picture of critical road safety issues in Cambodia and provide the basis for developing policies to save more lives.
In the framework of the development of the Asia Pacific Road Safety Observatory (APRSO), the World Bank and the International Transport Forum (ITF), with the support of the Cambodian Government, initiated a project aimed at assessing the crash data system in Cambodia and developing a road map for strengthening this system.
This project follows up on a previous twinning project between Cambodia and the Netherlands, undertaken in the framework of the International Road Traffic and Accident Database (IRTAD) group of ITF in 2010-2014. That project concerned both a review of the Road Crash and Victim Information System (RCVIS), and training and support to develop a national road safety strategy and related indicators.
The current project started in 2019 and was carried out by the World Bank and the ITF, with support from the Global Road Safety Facility (GRSF) and UK AID. The Dutch Road Safety Research Institute, SWOV, was contracted by the ITF to lead the review.
This report provides conclusions and recommendations on the basis of the data review mission undertaken in December 2019.
Laporan ini memperkenalkan cara kerja Pendekatan Sistem Aman, dengan fokus pada infrastruktur jalan dan praktik terbaik rekayasa keselamatan jalan dari salah satu negara dengan kinerja terbaik di Asia Tenggara dan Pasifik, Singapura.
Jalan-jalan di Singapura tidak hanya dianggap sebagai yang teraman di kawasan ini, tetapi juga termasuk yang teraman di dunia. Aturan dan regulasi manajemen keselamatan jalan yang diterapkan di negara ini telah menghasilkan langkah-langkah signifikan dalam mengelola dampak faktor tabrakan yang terkait dengan desain jalan raya, perilaku manusia, dan atribut kendaraan. Hasilnya, statistik keselamatan jalan menunjukkan bahwa jumlah kematian di jaringan jalan Singapura terus menurun selama dekade terakhir. Hal ini mendorong keinginan negara-negara tetangga untuk mengikuti contoh Singapura dan belajar dari pengalamannya.
Untuk mengurangi tabrakan yang disebabkan oleh kekurangan atau kerusakan kendaraan, salah satu langkah yang diambil di Singapura adalah memberlakukan kebijakan impor kendaraan yang ketat. Impor kendaraan diizinkan dari negara-negara yang telah mengadopsi dan mematuhi standar keselamatan kendaraan tinggi yang diakui. Kepatuhan terhadap keselamatan kendaraan secara khusus difokuskan pada 52 item yang ditetapkan oleh Otoritas Transportasi Darat (LTA). Selain standar impor kendaraan yang ketat, Singapura memberlakukan sistem kuota kendaraan yang ketat, yang mengatur jumlah kendaraan di jaringan jalan. Selain itu, kendaraan diharuskan menjalani inspeksi berkala. Mobil berusia antara 3 dan 10 tahun diharuskan menjalani inspeksi dua tahunan, dan mobil yang berusia lebih dari 10 tahun diharuskan menjalani inspeksi tahunan.
Selain itu, taksi diharuskan menjalani inspeksi setiap enam bulan. Pendidikan keselamatan jalan dan pendidikan pengemudi merupakan prinsip utama strategi keselamatan jalan Singapura. Pendidikan keselamatan jalan sebagian besar dilakukan oleh Polisi Lalu Lintas Singapura, tetapi organisasi nonpemerintah seperti Sekretariat Koordinasi Keamanan Nasional memberikan kontribusi yang signifikan terhadap pendidikan keselamatan jalan di Singapura.
Báo cáo giới thiệu cách thức hoạt động của Phương pháp tiếp cận hệ thống an toàn, tập trung vào cơ sở hạ tầng đường bộ và các biện pháp thực hành tốt nhất về kỹ thuật an toàn đường bộ từ một trong những quốc gia có thành tích tốt nhất ở Đông Nam Á và Thái Bình Dương, Singapore.
Đường bộ Singapore không chỉ được coi là an toàn nhất trong khu vực mà còn được xếp hạng là một trong những quốc gia an toàn nhất trên toàn cầu. Các quy tắc và quy định về quản lý an toàn đường bộ được thực hiện tại quốc gia này đã mang lại những bước tiến đáng kể trong việc quản lý tác động của các yếu tố va chạm liên quan đến thiết kế đường bộ, hành vi của con người và các thuộc tính của phương tiện. Do đó, số liệu thống kê về an toàn đường bộ cho thấy số ca tử vong trên mạng lưới đường bộ Singapore đã giảm đều đặn trong thập kỷ qua. Điều này dẫn đến mong muốn của các quốc gia láng giềng là noi gương Singapore và học hỏi kinh nghiệm của nước này.
Để giảm thiểu các vụ va chạm do xe không đủ tiêu chuẩn hoặc lỗi, một trong những biện pháp được thực hiện tại Singapore là thực thi chính sách nhập khẩu xe nghiêm ngặt. Xe được phép nhập khẩu từ các quốc gia đã áp dụng và tuân thủ các tiêu chuẩn an toàn xe cao được công nhận. Việc tuân thủ an toàn xe đặc biệt tập trung vào 52 mục do Cơ quan Giao thông Đường bộ (LTA) chỉ định. Ngoài các tiêu chuẩn nhập khẩu xe nghiêm ngặt, Singapore còn thực thi hệ thống hạn ngạch xe nghiêm ngặt, quy định số lượng xe trên mạng lưới đường bộ. Ngoài ra, xe phải được kiểm tra thường xuyên. Xe từ 3 đến 10 năm tuổi phải được kiểm tra hai năm một lần, và xe trên 10 năm tuổi phải được kiểm tra hàng năm.
Ngoài ra, xe taxi phải được kiểm tra sáu tháng một lần. Giáo dục an toàn giao thông và giáo dục lái xe là những nội dung cốt lõi trong chiến lược an toàn giao thông của Singapore. Giáo dục an toàn giao thông chủ yếu do Cảnh sát giao thông Singapore thực hiện, nhưng các tổ chức phi chính phủ như Ban thư ký điều phối an ninh quốc gia cũng đóng góp đáng kể vào giáo dục an toàn giao thông tại Singapore.
รายงานนี้แนะนำวิธีการทำงานของแนวทางระบบที่ปลอดภัย โดยเน้นที่โครงสร้างพื้นฐานทางถนนและแนวทางปฏิบัติที่ดีที่สุดด้านวิศวกรรมความปลอดภัยทางถนนจากหนึ่งในประเทศที่มีประสิทธิภาพสูงสุดในเอเชียตะวันออกเฉียงใต้และแปซิฟิก ซึ่งก็คือสิงคโปร์
ถนนในสิงคโปร์ไม่เพียงแต่ถือว่าปลอดภัยที่สุดในภูมิภาคเท่านั้น แต่ยังติดอันดับถนนที่ปลอดภัยที่สุดในโลกอีกด้วย กฎและข้อบังคับด้านการจัดการความปลอดภัยทางถนนที่นำมาใช้ในประเทศได้ส่งผลให้มีความก้าวหน้าอย่างมากในการจัดการผลกระทบของปัจจัยการชนที่เกี่ยวข้องกับการออกแบบถนน พฤติกรรมของมนุษย์ และคุณลักษณะของยานพาหนะ ส่งผลให้สถิติความปลอดภัยทางถนนแสดงให้เห็นว่าจำนวนผู้เสียชีวิตบนเครือข่ายถนนของสิงคโปร์ลดลงอย่างต่อเนื่องในช่วงทศวรรษที่ผ่านมา ส่งผลให้ประเทศเพื่อนบ้านมีความปรารถนาที่จะทำตามตัวอย่างของสิงคโปร์และเรียนรู้จากประสบการณ์ของประเทศ
เพื่อบรรเทาการชนที่เกิดจากความไม่เพียงพอหรือข้อบกพร่องของยานพาหนะ มาตรการอย่างหนึ่งที่ใช้ในสิงคโปร์คือการบังคับใช้นโยบายนำเข้ายานพาหนะที่เข้มงวด การนำเข้ายานพาหนะได้รับอนุญาตจากประเทศที่ได้นำมาตรฐานความปลอดภัยของยานพาหนะระดับสูงที่เป็นที่ยอมรับมาใช้และปฏิบัติตาม การปฏิบัติตามข้อกำหนดด้านความปลอดภัยของยานพาหนะนั้นเน้นเป็นพิเศษที่รายการ 52 รายการที่กำหนดโดย Land Transport Authority (LTA) นอกเหนือจากมาตรฐานการนำเข้ายานพาหนะที่เข้มงวดแล้ว สิงคโปร์ยังบังคับใช้ระบบโควตายานพาหนะที่เข้มงวด ซึ่งควบคุมจำนวนยานพาหนะในเครือข่ายถนน นอกจากนี้ ยานพาหนะยังต้องผ่านการตรวจสภาพบ่อยครั้ง รถยนต์ที่มีอายุระหว่าง 3 ถึง 10 ปีต้องผ่านการตรวจสภาพทุก ๆ สองปี และรถยนต์ที่มีอายุมากกว่า 10 ปีต้องผ่านการตรวจสภาพทุกปี
นอกจากนี้ รถแท็กซี่ต้องผ่านการตรวจสภาพทุก ๆ หกเดือน การศึกษาความปลอดภัยบนท้องถนนและการศึกษาของผู้ขับขี่ถือเป็นหลักการสำคัญของกลยุทธ์ความปลอดภัยบนท้องถนนของสิงคโปร์ การศึกษาความปลอดภัยบนท้องถนนส่วนใหญ่ดำเนินการโดยตำรวจจราจรของสิงคโปร์ แต่หน่วยงานที่ไม่ใช่ของรัฐ เช่น สำนักงานเลขานุการประสานงานด้านความมั่นคงแห่งชาติ มีส่วนสนับสนุนอย่างมากในการให้ความรู้ด้านความปลอดภัยบนท้องถนนในสิงคโปร์
The report introduces how the Safe System Approach works, with a focus on road infrastructure and road safety engineering best practices from one of the best performing countries in Southeast Asia and the Pacific, Singapore.
Singapore roads are not only considered the safest in the region, they rank among the safest globally. Road safety management rules and regulations implemented in the country have resulted in significant strides in managing the effects of collision factors related to roadway design, human behavior, and vehicle attributes. As a result, road safety statistics have shown that fatalities on the Singapore road network have been steadily declining over the past decade. This is leading to a desire on the part of neighboring countries to follow Singapore's example and learn from its experience.
In order to mitigate collisions attributed to vehicle inadequacies or defects, one of the measures taken in Singapore was to enforce a strict vehicle import policy. Vehicle imports are permissible from countries that have adopted and comply with recognized high vehicle safety standards. Vehicle safety compliance is particularly focused on 52 items specified by the Land Transport Authority (LTA). In addition to strict vehicle import standards, Singapore enforces a strict vehicle quota system, which regulates the number of vehicles on the road network. Additionally, vehicles are required to undergo frequent inspections. Cars between 3 and 10 years old are required to have a biennial inspection, and cars older than 10 years are required to undergo annual inspections.
Furthermore, taxis are required to undergo inspections every six months. Road safety education and driver education are core tenants of Singapore's roads safety strategy. Road safety education is predominately undertaken by the Singapore Traffic Police, but nongovernmental organizations such as the National Security Coordination Secretariat contribute significantly to road safety education in Singapore.
Document also available in : Thai, Bahasa (Indonesian), Bahasa (Indonesian), Vietnamese