Publications
1-10 of 12
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Road Safety Data
Improving Road Traffic Injury Statistics in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
November 2023
- National decision-makers recognize the issue of underreporting but tend to dismiss higher estimates by global statistical models.
- Most countries use WHO GSRRS estimates.
- National health surveys and censuses in LMICs often contain relevant information, and minor modifications can greatly improve their usage for such measurements.
- Incorporating national health survey data into global statistical models can help resolve discrepancies and increase confidence in estimates.
- Integrating epidemiological data sources into global statistical models (GBD, GHE, GSRRS) to reduce discrepancies and increase confidence in their estimates.
- Including relevant questions in upcoming national data collections to facilitate epidemiological measurements of road traffic injuries.
- Encouraging local involvement in data production for better estimates.
- Enhancing coordination between the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation and the World Health Organization to improve estimates and reduce inconsistencies.
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Road Infrastructure
Guide pour l’Intégration de la Sécurité dans la Conception des Routes (French)
July 2022
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Road Infrastructure
Practical Guide for Road Safety Auditors and Inspectors in Ukraine (Ukrainian)
July 2022
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Road Safety Data
Directrices Para la Realización de Evaluaciones de Datos de Seguridad Vial (Spanish)
July 2022
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Road Safety Data
Guide pour la Conduite de Revues de Données de Sécurité Routière (French)
July 2022

Road safety is a global health and economic issue that disproportionately affects low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Precise data is crucial for understanding the full scope of the problem and developing effective interventions, but LMICs struggle to collect comprehensive data due to limited resources, underdeveloped health systems, and inconsistent data collection processes.
To overcome reporting gaps, three major global statistical models are utilized: The Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study, the World Health Organization (WHO) Global Status Reports on Road Safety (GSRRS), and WHO Global Health Estimates (GHE). However, discrepancies exist among these models and between them and official country statistics. They often estimate significantly higher road traffic fatalities and injuries than official LMIC statistics.
This GRSF study identifies the reasons behind statistical discrepancies and outlines strategies to strengthen modeling efforts. This involved qualitative research, a systematic review of national data availability, and four case studies in Brazil, Cambodia, Ethiopia, and Tanzania.
Key findings include:
Recommendations include:
To achieve the goal of the Second United Nations Decade of Action for Road Safety (reducing road traffic fatalities and injuries by 50% by 2030), substantial resources need to be allocated to road safety and accurate reporting and statistical estimates are required.

Walking is a predominant mode of travel in Addis Ababa representing more than half of the daily trips. The mild climate in Addis Ababa is conducive for this healthy and green mode of transport. However, sidewalks are often narrow, uneven, obstructed, or non-existent, causing discomfort and road safety risks to the most vulnerable road users: pedestrians. Studies done by the WHO and the Government showed that AA has disproportionately high pedestrian fatalities.
The study on Addis Ababa Sidewalk Safety and Improvement takes the approach of integrating digital technology and Urban Inventory in sidewalk surveys, applies the Global Walkability Index in sidewalk assessments, and adapts the global best practice to the local context. The Addis Ababa Sidewalk Design and Maintenance Guidelines seek to promote the development of quality pedestrian infrastructure and environments, based on the condition’s assessment and global best practices. The design specifications and visual rendering provide recommendations for the policy makers to consider when developing the City’s design and maintenance standards for urban roads, sidewalks, public spaces, and transit-oriented development, some of which are being carried out as part of the technical assistance program of the World-Bank financed Transport Systems Improvement Project (TRANSIP).

After almost two decades of experience with Road Safety Audit (RSA) Worldwide, this procedure is now recognized as one of the most efficient engineering tools. RSA is a highly efficient and cost-effective engineering tool for improvement of safety on roads. It is much cheaper to identify road safety deficiencies in the process of design than later after construction is completed. RSAs are among the most cost-effective investments a Road Authority can undertake.
With its EU Directive No. 2008/96 and amendment 2019/1936 on road infrastructure safety management, the European Union (EU) made a clear decision that RSA will be mandatory for the Trans-European Road Network (TERN) and main roads. This Directive contains another tool called Road Safety Inspection (RSI) on safety deficiencies of existing roads. The RSI is very similar to the process of Road Safety Audit in the pre-opening phase of newly constructed roads. RSIs are essential for the redesign and upgrading of existing roads, and these are done in many countries to give the designers insights and direction for safety improvements. Given that, the purpose of this practical guide is to provide practical guidance to those doing RSAs and RSIs, the examples of typical design deficiencies shown should be useful to both road safety inspectors and road safety auditors.
This document draws on the more comprehensive guidelines and manuals on Safety engineering mentioned in the acknowledgements but deliberately focuses only on these issues of direct relevance to road safety auditors/inspectors and to the road safety reports that they must prepare, including of recommendations for improvements.
This is a special edition of the guide, adapted for Ukraine road safety conditions and legislation, funded by the World Bank‘s Global Road Safety Facility (GRSF) under the Bloomberg Philanthropies Initiative for Global Road Safety (BIGRS).

Download the document in English
Download the document in French
Download the document in Spanish
In many countries around the world, deficiencies in data or data quality impair evidence-based road safety policy making. While many countries collect road safety data, the collection is not necessarily comprehensive. Further, many countries can be unaware of data gaps in their system, which prevents them from soundly analyzing their road safety problems. Therefore, road safety data definitions and collection methods must converge into standard international criteria, thus allowing for comparisons in space - across countries - and in time.
This is the raison d’etre of regional road safety observatories, which have been developed, for example, in Latin America (OISEVI), Africa (ARSO), and Asia-Pacific (APRSO). They present an opportunity for joint regional efforts to improve, in a harmonized way, road safety data collection and analysis. Regional road safety observatories promote the adoption of a common set of road safety indicators based on common definitions and serve as an avenue to assist countries in improving the management of their crash data systems.
This document is designed to support reviewers in the assessment of road safety data collection; the complete range of safety data should be considered. This task can be complicated because collection of road safety data is often not achieved by activities dedicated to this purpose, but rather through piggybacks on other sources. For example, activity reports from police or hospitals are used to provide material for legal or medical purposes. The routines involved frequently have a long history in which gathering reliable and complete statistics has had secondary priority, at best. The various actors involved reflect the complex structure of a country’s judicial and executive system, which, generally, are not coordinated. Consequently, any review of the data collection process requires some “detective work.”

Ce guide se concentre sur les éléments des conceptions de routes et de bordures de route sûres pour les réseaux routiers qui peuvent offrir une mobilité sûre à tous les usagers de la route.
Une réduction substantielle des décès sur les routes ne sera réalisable que si des efforts concertés sont déployés, en suivant l'approche du « Système sûr » impliquant tous les éléments de la sécurité routière, de la gestion et de la prestation. Cela inclut tous les piliers du Système sûr — à commencer par la gestion de la sécurité routière, les routes et bordures de route sûres, la vitesse sûre, les véhicules sûrs, les usagers de la route sûrs et les soins post-accident. Ce guide se concentre sur les éléments des conceptions de routes et de bordures de route sûres pour les réseaux routiers qui peuvent offrir une mobilité sûre à tous les usagers de la route, ainsi que sur les changements complémentaires pour améliorer les vitesses, la sécurité des véhicules, les comportements des usagers de la route et les soins post-accident. Une conception équilibrée des routes doit prendre en compte ces éléments complémentaires du système pour maximiser les avantages en termes de sécurité. L'énergie portée par un objet en mouvement est proportionnelle au carré de sa vitesse. Une « bordure de route indulgente » bien conçue garantit que cette énergie est dispersée en cas de collision et, par conséquent, moins d'énergie est transférée aux occupants.
La conception des infrastructures routières joue un rôle vital dans les résultats en matière de sécurité routière. Des infrastructures sûres soutiennent les autres piliers de la sécurité routière en encourageant un comportement approprié des usagers de la route (comme une vitesse appropriée et une position correcte sur la voie) et en offrant un environnement routier indulgent en cas d'erreur. Une infrastructure routière mal conçue peut entraîner des comportements dangereux des usagers de la route. Une des principales réalisations de l'approche du Système sûr est que les conducteurs font des erreurs et continueront à en faire, même si nous pouvons réduire leur fréquence. Cette erreur des usagers de la route a longtemps été reconnue comme un contributeur significatif aux mauvais résultats en matière de sécurité routière. Cependant, les routes, pour une vitesse donnée, peuvent être conçues pour réduire la probabilité de collisions, et il existe des preuves très claires que la gravité des résultats lorsque des collisions se produisent est significativement influencée par la conception de la route. Même si une collision se produit encore, une infrastructure routière améliorée peut sauver de nombreuses vies et prévenir des blessures débilitantes.
L'approche du Système sûr souligne qu'une réponse partagée est nécessaire pour aborder la sécurité routière. Cela signifie que les usagers de la route continueront à assumer la responsabilité de leurs actions, par exemple en étant vigilants et en respectant les règles de la route. Cependant, il est également reconnu que les gestionnaires et les concepteurs de routes ont une responsabilité significative de fournir un système routier qui protège tous les usagers de la route. Cela peut être réalisé grâce à des conceptions appropriées des routes.

This guide focuses on elements of safe road and roadside designs for road networks that can provide safe mobility to all road users
A substantial reduction in road deaths will only be feasible if concerted efforts are made, following the “Safe System” approach involving all elements of road safety, management, and delivery. This includes all pillars of the Safe System—starting from road safety management, safe roads and roadsides, safe speed, safe vehicles, safe road users, and post-crash care. This guide focuses on elements of safe road and roadside designs for road networks that can provide safe mobility to all road users, as well as complementary changes to improve speeds, vehicle safety, road user behaviors, and post-crash care. A balanced road design must take into account these complementary system elements to maximize safety benefits. The energy carried by a moving object is proportional to the square of its speed. A well-designed “forgiving roadside” ensures that this energy is dispersed in a crash, and as a result, less energy is transferred to the occupants.
Road infrastructure design plays a vital role in road safety outcomes. Safe infrastructure supports other road safety pillars by encouraging appropriate road user behavior (such as appropriate speed and correct lane position) and by providing a forgiving road environment if things go wrong. Poorly designed road infrastructure can give rise to dangerous road user behavior. One of the key realizations of the Safe System approach is that drivers make mistakes and will continue to do so, even if we can reduce how often these occur. This road user error has long been recognized as a significant contributor to poor road safety outcomes. However, roads of any given speed can be designed to reduce the likelihood of crashes occurring, and there is very clear evidence that the severity of outcomes when crashes do occur is significantly influenced by the road design. Even if a crash still occurs, improved road infrastructure can save many lives and prevent debilitating injuries.
The Safe System approach highlights that a shared response is required to address road safety. This means that road users will continue to take responsibility for their actions, for instance by being alert and compliant with road rules. However, it is also recognized that road managers and designers have a significant responsibility to provide a road system that protects all road users. This can be achieved through appropriate designs of roads.

Після майже двох десятиліть досвіду проведення аудиту безпеки дорожнього руху (RSA) у всьому світі ця процедура визнана одним із найефективніших інженерних інструментів. RSA є високоефективним і економічно вигідним інженерним інструментом для підвищення безпеки на дорогах. Набагато дешевше виявити недоліки безпеки дорожнього руху в процесі проектування, ніж пізніше після завершення будівництва. RSA є одними з найбільш рентабельних інвестицій, які може здійснити дорожнє управління.
У своїй Директиві ЄС № 2008/96 і поправці 2019/1936 щодо управління безпекою дорожньої інфраструктури Європейський Союз (ЄС) прийняв чітке рішення про те, що RSA буде обов’язковим для Транс’європейської мережі доріг (TERN) і магістральних доріг. Ця Директива містить інший інструмент під назвою «Інспекція безпеки дорожнього руху» (RSI) щодо недоліків безпеки існуючих доріг. RSI дуже схожий на процес аудиту безпеки дорожнього руху на етапі перед відкриттям новозбудованих доріг. RSI мають важливе значення для редизайну та модернізації існуючих доріг, і вони проводяться в багатьох країнах, щоб дати проектувальникам зрозуміти та вказати напрямки для покращення безпеки. Враховуючи те, що метою цього практичного посібника є надання практичних вказівок тим, хто проводить RSA та RSI, наведені приклади типових недоліків конструкції мають бути корисними як інспекторам безпеки дорожнього руху, так і аудиторам безпеки дорожнього руху.
Цей документ спирається на більш вичерпні рекомендації та посібники з техніки безпеки, згадані у подяках, але навмисно зосереджується лише на тих питаннях, які мають безпосереднє відношення до аудиторів/інспекторів з безпеки дорожнього руху та до звітів з безпеки дорожнього руху, які вони повинні підготувати, включаючи рекомендації щодо покращення.
Це спеціальне видання посібника, адаптованого до умов безпеки дорожнього руху та законодавства в Україні, фінансованого Глобальним фондом безпеки дорожнього руху (GRSF) Світового банку в рамках Ініціативи Bloomberg Philanthropies for Global Road Safety (BIGRS).

Este guia se concentra em elementos de projetos de estradas e acostamentos seguros para redes rodoviárias que podem fornecer mobilidade segura a todos os usuários das estradas
Uma redução substancial nas mortes nas estradas só será viável se esforços conjuntos forem feitos, seguindo a abordagem do "Sistema Seguro" envolvendo todos os elementos de segurança rodoviária, gerenciamento e entrega. Isso inclui todos os pilares do Sistema Seguro — começando pelo gerenciamento de segurança rodoviária, estradas e acostamentos seguros, velocidade segura, veículos seguros, usuários seguros das estradas e cuidados pós-acidente. Este guia se concentra em elementos de projetos de estradas e acostamentos seguros para redes rodoviárias que podem fornecer mobilidade segura a todos os usuários das estradas, bem como mudanças complementares para melhorar as velocidades, a segurança dos veículos, os comportamentos dos usuários das estradas e os cuidados pós-acidente. Um projeto rodoviário equilibrado deve levar em consideração esses elementos complementares do sistema para maximizar os benefícios de segurança. A energia transportada por um objeto em movimento é proporcional ao quadrado de sua velocidade. Um "acostamento tolerante" bem projetado garante que essa energia seja dispersada em um acidente e, como resultado, menos energia seja transferida para os ocupantes.
O projeto de infraestrutura rodoviária desempenha um papel vital nos resultados de segurança rodoviária. A infraestrutura segura dá suporte a outros pilares da segurança viária, incentivando o comportamento adequado do usuário da estrada (como velocidade adequada e posição correta na faixa) e fornecendo um ambiente de estrada tolerante se as coisas derem errado. Uma infraestrutura rodoviária mal projetada pode dar origem a um comportamento perigoso do usuário da estrada. Uma das principais conclusões da abordagem do Sistema Seguro é que os motoristas cometem erros e continuarão a fazê-lo, mesmo que possamos reduzir a frequência com que ocorrem. Esse erro do usuário da estrada é há muito reconhecido como um contribuinte significativo para resultados ruins de segurança viária. No entanto, estradas de qualquer velocidade podem ser projetadas para reduzir a probabilidade de ocorrência de acidentes, e há evidências muito claras de que a gravidade dos resultados quando os acidentes ocorrem é significativamente influenciada pelo projeto da estrada. Mesmo que um acidente ainda ocorra, uma infraestrutura rodoviária melhorada pode salvar muitas vidas e evitar ferimentos debilitantes.
A abordagem do Sistema Seguro destaca que uma resposta compartilhada é necessária para abordar a segurança viária. Isso significa que os usuários da estrada continuarão a assumir a responsabilidade por suas ações, por exemplo, estando alertas e em conformidade com as regras de trânsito. No entanto, também é reconhecido que os gerentes e projetistas de estradas têm uma responsabilidade significativa de fornecer um sistema viário que proteja todos os usuários da estrada. Isto pode ser alcançado por meio de projetos de estradas apropriados.

En muchos países del mundo, las deficiencias en los datos o en la calidad de los mismos perjudican la formulación de políticas de seguridad vial basadas en evidencias. Si bien muchos países recopilan datos de seguridad vial, la recopilación no es necesariamente exhaustiva. Además, muchos países pueden desconocer las lagunas de datos en su sistema, lo que les impide analizar de manera sólida sus problemas de seguridad vial. Por lo tanto, las definiciones de datos de seguridad vial y los métodos de recopilación deben converger en criterios internacionales estándar, lo que permite realizar comparaciones en el espacio (entre países) y en el tiempo.
Esta es la razón de ser de los observatorios regionales de seguridad vial, que se han desarrollado, por ejemplo, en América Latina (OISEVI), África (ARSO) y Asia-Pacífico (APRSO). Presentan una oportunidad para realizar esfuerzos regionales conjuntos para mejorar, de manera armonizada, la recopilación y el análisis de datos de seguridad vial. Los observatorios regionales de seguridad vial promueven la adopción de un conjunto común de indicadores de seguridad vial basados en definiciones comunes y sirven como una vía para ayudar a los países a mejorar la gestión de sus sistemas de datos de accidentes.
Este documento está diseñado para ayudar a los revisores en la evaluación de la recopilación de datos de seguridad vial; Se debe tener en cuenta la gama completa de datos de seguridad. Esta tarea puede ser complicada porque la recopilación de datos de seguridad vial a menudo no se logra mediante actividades dedicadas a este fin, sino más bien mediante la combinación de otras fuentes. Por ejemplo, los informes de actividades de la policía o de los hospitales se utilizan para proporcionar material para fines legales o médicos. Las rutinas involucradas con frecuencia tienen una larga historia en la que la recopilación de estadísticas confiables y completas ha tenido una prioridad secundaria, en el mejor de los casos. Los diversos actores involucrados reflejan la compleja estructura del sistema judicial y ejecutivo de un país, que, por lo general, no están coordinados. En consecuencia, cualquier revisión del proceso de recopilación de datos requiere un cierto “trabajo de detective”.

Dans de nombreux pays du monde, les lacunes en matière de données ou de qualité des données compromettent l’élaboration de politiques de sécurité routière fondées sur des données probantes. Si de nombreux pays collectent des données sur la sécurité routière, la collecte n’est pas nécessairement exhaustive. En outre, de nombreux pays peuvent ne pas être conscients des lacunes de données dans leur système, ce qui les empêche d’analyser correctement leurs problèmes de sécurité routière. Par conséquent, les définitions et les méthodes de collecte des données sur la sécurité routière doivent converger vers des critères internationaux standard, permettant ainsi des comparaisons dans l’espace (entre les pays) et dans le temps.
C’est la raison d’être des observatoires régionaux de la sécurité routière, qui ont été développés, par exemple, en Amérique latine (OISEVI), en Afrique (ARSO) et en Asie-Pacifique (APRSO). Ils offrent l’occasion de déployer des efforts régionaux conjoints pour améliorer, de manière harmonisée, la collecte et l’analyse des données sur la sécurité routière. Les observatoires régionaux de la sécurité routière favorisent l’adoption d’un ensemble commun d’indicateurs de sécurité routière basés sur des définitions communes et servent de moyen d’aider les pays à améliorer la gestion de leurs systèmes de données sur les accidents.
Ce document est conçu pour aider les examinateurs à évaluer la collecte de données sur la sécurité routière ; Il convient de prendre en compte l’ensemble des données de sécurité. Cette tâche peut s’avérer compliquée, car la collecte de données sur la sécurité routière ne se fait souvent pas par le biais d’activités dédiées à cet effet, mais plutôt par le biais d’autres sources. Par exemple, les rapports d’activité de la police ou des hôpitaux sont utilisés pour fournir des informations à des fins juridiques ou médicales. Les routines concernées ont souvent une longue histoire dans laquelle la collecte de statistiques fiables et complètes a été, au mieux, une priorité secondaire. Les différents acteurs impliqués reflètent la structure complexe du système judiciaire et exécutif d’un pays, qui, en général, ne sont pas coordonnés. Par conséquent, tout examen du processus de collecte de données nécessite un « travail de détective ».